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...s of a [[Spherical coordinates#Spherical coordinates|spherical coordinate system]] which is aligned with the spin axis of [[Earth]]. ...les. The equator is the [[fundamental plane]] of the geographic coordinate system. All spherical coordinate systems define such a fundamental plane.

...East is positive is consistent with a right-handed [[Cartesian coordinate system]] with the North Pole up. ...r measurements from the [[1970s]] and [[1980s]] - see [[Global Positioning System|GPS]].

...give a precise position on the Earth's surface (see [[satellite navigation system]]). *In common usage, "latitude" refers to '''geodetic''' or '''geographic latitude''' <math>\phi\,\!</math> and is the angle betw

...mittently employed in various scientific capacities by the [[U.S. National Geodetic Survey|United States Coast Survey]], where he enjoyed the protection of his Peirce's writings repeatedly refer to a system of three [[category of being|categories]], named Firstness, Secondness, and